[ { "name": "Calcite", "formula": "CaCO3", "crystal_system": "Trigonal", "activator": "Mn2+ (sensitized by Pb2+ or Ce3+)", "shortwave_254nm": "Brilliant vivid red / orange-red", "longwave_365nm": "Pale pink, yellow, blue, or inert", "phosphorescence": "Strong brief red phosphorescence", "notable_locality": "Franklin & Sterling Hill, New Jersey, USA; Terlingua, Texas, USA" }, { "name": "Willemite", "formula": "Zn2SiO4", "crystal_system": "Trigonal", "activator": "Mn2+", "shortwave_254nm": "Blinding intense neon green", "longwave_365nm": "Weak yellowish-green to inert", "phosphorescence": "Intense long-lasting green phosphorescence (up to several hours in 'troostite')", "notable_locality": "Sterling Hill Mine, Ogdensburg, New Jersey, USA; Tsumeb, Namibia" }, { "name": "Fluorite", "formula": "CaF2", "crystal_system": "Isometric", "activator": "Eu2+ (divalent Europium), Y3+, Sm3+", "shortwave_254nm": "Weak violet-blue to white", "longwave_365nm": "Intense electric royal blue / violet-blue", "phosphorescence": "Occasional pale blue phosphorescence; exhibits thermoluminescence", "notable_locality": "Weardale, County Durham, England; Hardin County, Illinois, USA" }, { "name": "Sodalite (Yooperlite / Hackmanite)", "formula": "Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2", "crystal_system": "Isometric", "activator": "S2- (disulfide molecular ion center)", "shortwave_254nm": "Bright orange to fiery salmon-orange", "longwave_365nm": "Blazing molten fire-orange / bright yellow-orange", "phosphorescence": "Strong orange-red phosphorescence; tenebrescence in Hackmanite variety (reversible photochromism)", "notable_locality": "Keweenaw Peninsula / Lake Superior, Michigan, USA ('Yooperlites'); Kola Peninsula, Russia" }, { "name": "Autunite", "formula": "Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O", "crystal_system": "Tetragonal", "activator": "(UO2)2+ (Uranyl ion)", "shortwave_254nm": "Intense bright electric yellow-green", "longwave_365nm": "Intense bright lime-green / chartreuse", "phosphorescence": "Weak green phosphorescence; mineral is naturally radioactive", "notable_locality": "Daybreak Mine, Mount Spokane, Washington, USA; Autun, France" }, { "name": "Wernerite (Scapolite)", "formula": "(Na,Ca)4[(Al,Si)12O24](Cl,CO3,SO4)", "crystal_system": "Tetragonal", "activator": "(UO2)2+ or polysulfide ions", "shortwave_254nm": "Weak orange-yellow", "longwave_365nm": "Blinding brilliant sunny mustard-yellow / canary yellow", "phosphorescence": "Moderate yellow phosphorescence", "notable_locality": "Grenville Province, Quebec and Ontario, Canada" }, { "name": "Scheelite", "formula": "CaWO4", "crystal_system": "Tetragonal", "activator": "Intrinsic tungstate [WO4]2- groups (modified by MoO4 replacement)", "shortwave_254nm": "Brilliant bright ice-blue (pure) to golden-yellow (molybdenum-rich powellite series)", "longwave_365nm": "Inert (does not fluoresce under 365 nm)", "phosphorescence": "None", "notable_locality": "Pine Creek Mine, Bishop, California, USA; Mittersill, Austria" }, { "name": "Hardystonite", "formula": "Ca2ZnSi2O7", "crystal_system": "Tetragonal", "activator": "Pb2+", "shortwave_254nm": "Deep royal indigo-blue / violet-blue", "longwave_365nm": "Inert", "phosphorescence": "None", "notable_locality": "Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA (Type Locality)" }, { "name": "Esperite", "formula": "PbCa2Zn3(SiO4)4", "crystal_system": "Monoclinic", "activator": "Mn2+", "shortwave_254nm": "Brilliant canary yellow to lemon yellow", "longwave_365nm": "Inert", "phosphorescence": "None", "notable_locality": "Franklin Mine, Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA" }, { "name": "Benitoite", "formula": "BaTiSi3O9", "crystal_system": "Hexagonal", "activator": "Ti4+ intrinsic octahedral complex", "shortwave_254nm": "Vivid sky-blue to bright cobalt blue", "longwave_365nm": "Inert to very faint dull red", "phosphorescence": "None", "notable_locality": "Dallas Gem Mine, San Benito County, California, USA" }, { "name": "Hyalite Opal (Uranyl-activated Opal)", "formula": "SiO2·nH2O", "crystal_system": "Amorphous", "activator": "(UO2)2+ (Uranyl trace impurity)", "shortwave_254nm": "Vivid glowing neon green", "longwave_365nm": "Vivid glowing neon apple-green / chartreuse (fluoresces even in indirect sunlight!)", "phosphorescence": "Weak green phosphorescence", "notable_locality": "Zacatecas, Mexico; Valec, Czech Republic; Erongo, Namibia" }, { "name": "Aragonite", "formula": "CaCO3", "crystal_system": "Orthorhombic", "activator": "Mn2+, organic humic acids, or uranyl ions", "shortwave_254nm": "Bright rose-pink, cream, or bright green", "longwave_365nm": "Warm butter-yellow, white, or salmon-pink", "phosphorescence": "Strong long-lasting cream or greenish phosphorescence", "notable_locality": "Girgenti, Sicily, Italy; Tazewell County, Virginia, USA" }, { "name": "Sphalerite", "formula": "(Zn,Fe)S", "crystal_system": "Isometric", "activator": "Cu+, Ag+, or Mn2+ (low iron content required)", "shortwave_254nm": "Weak orange to inert", "longwave_365nm": "Blazing bright fiery golden-orange or bright pink", "phosphorescence": "Sensational long-lasting triboluminescence (flashes orange when scratched) and phosphorescence", "notable_locality": "Balmat, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA; Franklin, New Jersey, USA" }, { "name": "Tremolite", "formula": "Ca2(Mg5)Si8O22(OH)2", "crystal_system": "Monoclinic", "activator": "Mn2+ or Cr3+", "shortwave_254nm": "Bright yellow, creamy white, or orange", "longwave_365nm": "Pink to pale yellow", "phosphorescence": "Moderate yellow phosphorescence", "notable_locality": "Balmat / Gouverneur, St. Lawrence County, New York, USA" }, { "name": "Eucryptite", "formula": "LiAlSiO4", "crystal_system": "Trigonal", "activator": "Ti4+ or Mn2+", "shortwave_254nm": "Brilliant cherry red / crimson", "longwave_365nm": "Inert", "phosphorescence": "None", "notable_locality": "Bikita Pegmatite, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Harding Mine, Dixon, New Mexico, USA" }, { "name": "Powellite", "formula": "CaMoO4", "crystal_system": "Tetragonal", "activator": "Intrinsic molybdate [MoO4]2- complex", "shortwave_254nm": "Brilliant creamy golden-yellow", "longwave_365nm": "Pale cream-yellow to inert", "phosphorescence": "None", "notable_locality": "Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India; Tonopah, Nevada, USA" }, { "name": "Clinohedrite", "formula": "CaZnSiO4·H2O", "crystal_system": "Monoclinic", "activator": "Mn2+", "shortwave_254nm": "Intense rich bright orange", "longwave_365nm": "Inert", "phosphorescence": "Weak orange phosphorescence", "notable_locality": "Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA" }, { "name": "Margarosanite", "formula": "Pb(Ca,Mn)2Si3O9", "crystal_system": "Triclinic", "activator": "Mn2+ / Pb2+", "shortwave_254nm": "Spectacular sky-blue with ruby-red and orange highlights", "longwave_365nm": "Weak violet to inert", "phosphorescence": "None", "notable_locality": "Franklin, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA; Langban, Sweden" }, { "name": "Tugtupite", "formula": "Na4AlBeSi4O12Cl", "crystal_system": "Tetragonal", "activator": "S2- molecular center", "shortwave_254nm": "Intense fiery crimson red", "longwave_365nm": "Bright salmon-orange to peach-red", "phosphorescence": "Spectacular long-lasting crimson phosphorescence; photochromic (deepens to purple-red under sunlight)", "notable_locality": "Ilimaussaq Complex, Narsaq, Kujalleq, Greenland" }, { "name": "Corundum (Ruby)", "formula": "Al2O3:Cr", "crystal_system": "Trigonal", "activator": "Cr3+ (trivalent Chromium)", "shortwave_254nm": "Weak dull red", "longwave_365nm": "Intense fiery laser red (692.8 nm and 694.3 nm R-lines)", "phosphorescence": "Brief red phosphorescence", "notable_locality": "Mogok, Mandalay Region, Myanmar; Jegdalek, Afghanistan; Luc Yen, Vietnam" } ]